BiologyHiranyagarbha · Class 11-12
Dawa bhi evolution chalati hai
Doctor kehte hain 'dawa ka course poora karo' — adhoora chhodne se sirf tumhara nahi, sabka nuksaan kaise?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Kyunki microbes ki population mein kuch pehle se thode zyada resistant hote hain. Dawa kamzor waalon ko maar deti hai, aur bache hue resistant waale phailte hain. Yeh natural selection hai — Darwin, bas tumhari body ke andar.
Model simple hai: variation + selection + inheritance. Microbes tezi se divide hote hain, aur mutations se unmein variation aata hai. Jab dawa aati hai, toh 'fitness' ka matlab ho jaata hai 'dawa jhel paana'. Har round mein resistant waalon ka hissa badhta hai. Kuch generations baad population wahi, par dawa bekaar.
Fungi ke khilaaf azole dawayein ergosterol banne se rokti hain — ergosterol fungal cell membrane ka zaroori hissa hai (hamare cells mein uski jagah cholesterol hota hai, isliye dawa zyada fungus ko lagti hai). Agar fungus apna target enzyme badal le ya dawa ko bahar pump kar de, toh resistance.
Trade-off: dawa zaroorat par na do toh mareez ko nuksaan; bina zaroorat do toh resistance ka inaam. Isliye 'antimicrobial stewardship' — sahi dawa, sahi dose, sahi samay — aur haath dhona, hospital hygiene. Kheti mein bhi antifungal chemicals ka zyada use isi pressure ko badha sakta hai.
Ghar pe try karo
Ek katori mein 50 safed chawal aur 5 daal ke daane milao (daal = resistant). Aankh band karke 'dawa' ki tarah aadhe safed daane nikaalo, daal chhod do. Phir har bache hue daane ke liye ek aur same rang ka daana jodo (reproduction). Teen round karo aur daal ka percentage har baar likho.
Wow!
Resistance dawa se 'seekha' nahi jaata — woh pehle se chhupa hota hai, dawa bas baaki sab ko hata kar use stage de deti hai.
3 sawaal
- Natural selection ke liye kaunsi cheez ZAROORI nahi hai?
Jawab dekho
Microbe ka jaan-boojh kar badalna chahna. Selection andha process hai; koi 'iraada' nahi hota.
- Azole antifungals kis cheez ke banne ko rokte hain?
Jawab dekho
Ergosterol. Ergosterol fungal membrane ka hissa hai; azoles uska synthesis rokte hain.
- Antimicrobial stewardship ka matlab kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Sahi dawa, sahi dose, sahi samay par, sirf zaroorat mein. Isse resistance ka selection pressure kam hota hai.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 12 Biology — evolution (natural selection) aur human health and disease