BiotechHiranyagarbha · Class 11-12
Micropropagation ka trade-off: clone crops aur genetic diversity
Agar ek hi paudhe ki lakhon identical copies lagayi jaayein, toh iska koi risk bhi ho sakta hai kya?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Haan — micropropagation se banaye gaye clones genetically identical hote hain, isliye agar ek naya rogjanak (pathogen) unki genetic weakness exploit kare, toh poori fasal ek saath khatre mein aa sakti hai. Yeh 'genetic uniformity' ka trade-off hai.
Mechanism recap: totipotent cell se explant, callus induction (growth hormones ke ratio se), organogenesis se plantlet, phir hardening aur field transfer. In-vitro conditions (sterile, controlled) hi is pure process ko possible banati hain.
Trade-off: fayda — speed, disease-free planting material, uniform quality. Risk — genetic uniformity ka matlab kam genetic diversity, jisse ek naya rogjanak poori clone-population ko nuksaan pahuncha sakta hai; isliye seed banks aur wild relatives ki genetic diversity bhi bachana zaroori hai.
Nuance: tissue culture khud genetic modification (GM) nahi hai — koi naya gene nahi daala jaata, bas existing genes ki copy banti hai. Isiliye iski regulatory scrutiny GM crops jitni sakht nahi hoti, par iska istemaal bhi kisi ek variety ki bade paimane par copy banata hai.
Ghar pe try karo
Ek do-column table banao: 'Micropropagation ke fayde' vs 'Genetic uniformity ka risk'. Phir ek line likho ki kisan/nursery is risk ko kaise kam kar sakte hain (jaise ek se zyada variety lagana).
Wow!
Tissue culture se banaya gaya paudha apne 'parent' paudhe ka genetic clone hota hai — jaise identical twins, par paudhon mein!
3 sawaal
- Genetic uniformity ka risk kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Ek naya pathogen poori clone-population ko nuksaan pahuncha sakta hai. Sab clones genetically identical hone se ek hi weakness sabmein ho sakti hai.
- Tissue culture GM (genetic modification) se kaise alag hai?
Jawab dekho
Ismein koi naya gene nahi daala jaata, bas existing genes ki copy banti hai. Tissue culture existing genome ki copy banata hai, naya gene nahi daalta.
- Genetic uniformity ka risk kam karne ka ek tareeka kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Ek se zyada variety lagana aur diversity bachana. Multiple varieties aur seed banks/wild relatives ki diversity bachana risk kam karta hai.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 12 Biology — biotechnology principles and processes; strategies for enhancement in food production (micropropagation)