PaisaHiranyagarbha · Class 11-12
Price freeze ka economics: hidden subsidy aur trade-off
Koi subsidy announce nahi hui — phir bhi har din sainkadon crore ki subsidy kaise chal rahi hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Jab OMCs ko laagat se kam daam pe bechna padta hai, toh farak (under-recovery) unki balance sheet se di gayi ek chhupi consumer subsidy ban jaata hai. Card ke hisaab se yeh ~₹530 crore roz hai.
Model: under-recovery = cost-based price − realised price. Crude basket ~$66 (2025-26 average) se $117.4 (21 September) — input cost upar, output price fixed. Card ke mutabik yeh market failure nahi, policy choice hai: petrol (2010) aur diesel (2014) law mein deregulated hain, June 2017 se daily pricing, par teen public sector OMCs retail par haavi hain, toh unka 'daam mat badhao' effectively regulation hai.
Refining cushion ka bhram: gross refining margin (GRM) = refined products ki value − crude ki laagat. High GRM integrated companies ki madad karta hai, par OMCs jitna bechti hain usse kam refine karti hain aur baaki standalone refiners se khareedti hain. Isliye 'integrated margins sab cover kar denge' wale tark ko saavdhani se dekho.
Trade-off: pass-through → turant cost-push inflation; excise cut → transparent (budget mein dikhta hai), par revenue kam jab import bill pehle se bhaari hai; OMC absorb kare → dividend aur investment kam; bonds se compensation → deferred liability. Card ka santulit sujhaav: partial excise cut + seemit price rise + Ujjwala gharon ko targeted LPG support — kyunki universal freeze ka sabse bada fayda unhe jaata hai jo sabse zyada fuel kharch karte hain.
Ghar pe try karo
Ek simple model banao (example numbers): cost = 100, price = 92 prati litre. Under-recovery kitna? Ab teen scenario likho: (a) price 100 kar do, (b) tax 8 ghata do, (c) company jhele. Har scenario mein kaun, kitna aur kab 'pay' karta hai — table banao.
Wow!
Sabke liye daam rokne ka sabse bada fayda unhe milta hai jo sabse zyada fuel kharch karte hain.
3 sawaal
- Gross refining margin (GRM) kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Refined products ki value − crude ki laagat. GRM refiner ka margin hai: products ki value minus crude cost.
- Price freeze ki laagat 'transparent' kab hoti hai?
Jawab dekho
Jab excise cut ke roop mein budget mein dikhe. Excise cut budget mein dikhta hai, Parliament use dekh sakti hai.
- Diesel ke daam kab deregulate hue?
Jawab dekho
October 2014. Diesel October 2014; petrol June 2010; daily pricing June 2017.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 12 Microeconomics — market equilibrium (price ceiling); Class 12 Macroeconomics — government budget and the economy