MedicalHiranyagarbha · Class 11-12
Sharing ka incentive: PABS, Nagoya aur India ki do topiyan
India teeke banane wala bada desh hai, par uski kai zaroori cheezein bahar se aati hain. Pathogen sharing ke saude mein India ko kya chahiye?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Dono: namuna aur data khule roop se jaldi mile (taaki India teeka bana sake), aur badle mein tay hissa aur technology transfer mile (kyunki India patent aur imported ingredients par bhi nirbhar hai).
Definition aur mechanism: PABS (Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing) woh saauda hai jisme desh virus ke namune aur genetic data jaldi baantte hain, aur badle mein garib deshon ko bane teeke-dawaaiyon ka tay hissa milta hai. Iska maksad COVID-19 jaisi 'queue' dobara rokna hai, jahan namuna dene ke baad bhi teeka der se mila.
Trade-off: jaldi sharing ek saajhi sampatti hai (global commons), par har rajya apne namune aur samprabhuta ko bachana chahta hai. Agar hissa swaichhik ya chhota hoga, toh pehle bataane wale desh ko travel pabandi jaisi chot milegi aur fayda nahi, aur sharing ka incentive tootega. Mazboot, funded aur tay hissa isi problem ka jawab hai.
Kanoon ka sandarbh: Pandemic Agreement WHO Constitution ke Article 19 (do-tihai vote) se 20 May 2025 ko apnaya gaya aur PABS annex ke baad hi ratification ke liye khulega. Article 21 ke tahat bane regulations (jaise International Health Regulations 2005, jinke 2024 ke sanshodhan ne 'pandemic emergency' category banayi) sab members par lagu hote hain jab tak koi mana na kare. Genetic resources ke liye pehle se Nagoya Protocol (2010) hai: prior informed consent aur fair benefit-sharing. India ise Biological Diversity Act, 2002 se lagu karta hai, jisme videshi upyogkarta ko National Biodiversity Authority (Chennai) ki manzoori chahiye.
India ki dohri sthiti: woh bada teeka-nirmata hai, isliye khule namune chahta hai; par wo videshi patent aur imported API par bhi nirbhar hai, isliye benefit-sharing aur technology transfer bhi chahta hai. US ne UN ki Political Declaration ko PABS aur WHO ke pandemic declare karne ke role par aapatti jata kar mana kiya; bina sabse bade pharma desh ke sandhi ka asar sawaalon mein hai, par baaki deshon ka aapsi tantra bhi apna dabaav bana sakta hai.
Ghar pe try karo
Ek 100-shabd ka note likho: 'India ko PABS mein sharing aur benefit-sharing, dono kyun chahiye?' Ek trade-off, ek kanoon (Nagoya ya BD Act, 2002) aur ek COVID-19 ka udaharan shamil karo.
Wow!
Teeka banane ka 'raw material' kabhi-kabhi ek chhota sa namuna hota hai, aur use kaun, kab aur kis shart par bheje, yeh kanoon aur kootniti ka sawaal ban jaata hai!
3 sawaal
- PABS ka mukhya incentive-tark kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Hissa mile toh desh jaldi sharing karenge. Tay hissa milne par pehle bataane wale desh ko fayda dikhta hai, isliye jaldi sharing hoti hai.
- India mein foreign users ko genetic resources ka access kaun manzoor karta hai?
Jawab dekho
National Biodiversity Authority, Chennai. Biological Diversity Act, 2002 ke tahat NBA (Chennai) videshi access manzoor karta hai.
- Sahi kathan chuno.
Jawab dekho
IHR (2005) sab members par lagu hote hain jab tak koi mana na kare. Article 21 ke tahat regulations aise hi lagu hote hain; Nagoya benefit-sharing ke baare mein hai, sandhi Article 19 se apnayi gayi aur annex baaki hai.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 12 Biology — human health and disease (immunisation); NCERT Class 12 Political Science — contemporary world politics (international institutions)