SamajHiranyagarbha · Class 11-12
Tumhara ilaaka: gaon hai ya shehar?
Ek jagah jahan dukaanein, factory aur hazaron log hain — phir bhi wahan nagar palika nahi, gram panchayat chalti hai. Kaise?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Kyunki 'shehar' do tarah ke hote hain. Statutory town wo hai jise sarkar ne kanoon se urban body (municipality, nagar panchayat) di. Census town wo hai jo Census ke hisaab se shehar jaisa hai, par prashasan ab bhi gaon wala ho sakta hai.
Census 2011 mein census town ke teen criteria the: kam se kam 5,000 aabaadi, kam se kam 400 log prati sq km density, aur kam se kam 75% purush main workers kheti ke bahar kaam karte hon. Yeh ek 'model' hai — teen number se shehar ko pehchaanna.
74th Constitutional Amendment ne urban local government ko constitutional darja diya. Article 243Q teen tarah ki bodies batata hai: transitional area ke liye nagar panchayat, chhote urban area ke liye municipal council, aur bade ke liye municipal corporation.
Trade-off: census town ko municipality bana do toh naali, kooda, street light jaisi urban services ka dhaancha milta hai — par property tax aa sakta hai aur kuch rural yojnaon ka faayda ghat sakta hai. Isliye kai log 'gaon' hi rehna chahte hain. Aur jab definition purani ho jaaye, toh naksha zameen se mel nahi khaata — planning galat jagah jaati hai.
Ghar pe try karo
Apne mohalle ka sketch-map banao: school, bazaar, kheti (agar ho), kaarkhaane, paani ki tanki, kooda kahan jaata hai. Phir pata karo tumhare yahan gram panchayat hai ya nagar palika — aur kaun naali saaf karwata hai.
Wow!
Bharat mein kai 'shehar' kaagaz par gaon hain — shehar banna ek sarkari faisla bhi hai, sirf imaaratein nahi.
3 sawaal
- Census 2011 mein census town ke liye minimum aabaadi kitni thi?
Jawab dekho
5,000. 5,000 aabaadi, 400/sq km density, 75% purush main workers non-farm.
- Urban local bodies ko constitutional darja kis amendment ne diya?
Jawab dekho
74th. 73rd panchayat ke liye, 74th municipalities ke liye.
- Article 243Q ke tehat transitional area ke liye kaunsi body hoti hai?
Jawab dekho
Nagar panchayat. Gaon se shehar ban rahe area ke liye nagar panchayat.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 12 Geography — human settlements aur Class 11 Political Science (Indian Constitution at Work) — local governments