BiotechBhanu · Class 4-5
DNA: har cell mein nirdeshon ki kitaab, aur beej bachaane ka kaam
Asha ki dadi ne ek purani potli kholi aur bataya ki unke bachpan mein gaon ke kisaan sau tarah ka chawal ugaate the — kuch baadh mein bhi bachta tha, kuch kam paani mein ugta tha, kuch khushboo wala. Phir sab ne ek hi nayi kism boni shuru ki. Asha ne poocha, "Toh purani kismein kahan gayi, dadi?"
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Dadi ki science padhane wali beti, Rekha bua, ne samjhaya: jo beej boya nahi jaata, woh kuch saalon mein ugna band kar deta hai — aur uske saath uski DNA kitaab bhi kho jaati hai. Har kism ek alag kitaab hai; kitaab khoyi toh uska hunar (baadh jhelna, kam paani) bhi khoya.
"DNA kitaab kya hoti hai, bua?" Asha ne poocha. Bua ne kaha, "DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) har jeev ki har cell mein nirdeshon ki ek lambi kitaab hai. Usme 'gene' naam ke adhyay hain: ek gene batata hai patte ka rang, ek daane ka aakaar, ek paani kam ho toh kya karna." "Tumhari har ek cell ki DNA kitaab seedhi kholi jaaye toh lagbhag do metre lambi!"
Bua ne ek beej ugta hua dikhaya. "Jab beej ugta hai, har nayi cell ko kitaab ki poori nakal milti hai — isliye poora paudha ek hi nirdesh se banta hai." Asha ne poocha, "Aur kitaab aati kahan se hai?" "Kitaab maa-baap se aati hai: paudhe ke phool mein nar aur maada bhaag milte hain, aur beej mein dono ki kitaab ka mel hota hai. Isliye ek hi kism ke paudhe thode-thode alag bhi hote hain, aur alag kismon ki kitaabein bahut alag."
Bua boli, "Yahi farak kisaan ko chunne ka mauka deta hai: kaunsa beej is mitti, is baarish ke liye sahi." Phir unhone kadi samjhaayi: "Kisaan ne purani kism boni chhodi, phir beej ugna band hua, phir uski kitaab khoyi, isliye jab baadh aayi toh baadh jhelne wali kism koi bachi nahi thi."
"Toh beej bachaana kitaab bachaana hai!" Asha boli. Bua ne bataya ki isliye kai gaon mein 'beej-bank' hote hain, jahan har kism thodi-thodi roz boyi jaati hai. Asha ne dadi ki potli se teen purani kismein lekar apne school ke bageeche mein chhota beej-bank shuru kiya — har potli par naam, saal aur gaon.
Tum Asha hote toh apne beej-bank ke liye sabse pehle kaun si kism dhoondhte, aur kyun?
Humne kya kiya :- Sau kismon se ek kism tak ki kahani ko DNA ki kitaab se joda.
Isse kya hua :- Samjhe ki har kism ek alag kitaab hai jo sirf bone se bachti hai, aur beej bachaana kal ki kheti bachaana hai.
Ghar pe try karo
Bade ke saath rasoi mein jitne alag beej milein (chawal ki do kism, moong, chana, rajma, methi, sarson, jeera) unka ek 'mini beej-bank' banao: har beej chhoti kaagaz ki potli mein, upar naam aur taareekh. Phir har kism ke 3 daane geeli rui par rakho aur ek hafte tak likho: kaun pehle uga, patte kaise.
Wow!
Tumhari har ek cell ki DNA kitaab seedhi kholi jaaye toh lagbhag do metre lambi — aur sharir mein itni cells hain ki saari kitaabein jod kar Suraj tak kai baar jaa sakti hain!
Mummy-Papa ke liye
Aaj bachche ke saath rasoi ke alag-alag beej ki potliyaan banwaaiye aur dadi-nani se poochhiye: 'Aapke zamaane mein kaunsi kism hoti thi jo ab nahi dikhti?'
3 sawaal
- DNA kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Har cell mein nirdeshon ki kitaab. DNA har jeev ki har cell mein hota hai aur batata hai jeev kaisa banega.
- Ek kism ka beej kai saal na boya jaaye toh?
Jawab dekho
Woh ugna band kar deta hai aur uski kitaab kho sakti hai. Beej jeevit hai; bina bone ke woh mar jaata hai aur uske DNA ka hunar bhi khota hai.
- Bachche mein maa-baap dono ki jhalak kyun hoti hai?
Jawab dekho
Beej/bachche mein dono ki DNA kitaab ka mel hota hai. Nar aur maada bhaag ke milne se beej mein dono ki kitaab aati hai.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 4-5 EVS — beej, paudhe aur kheti; Class 8 Science ka 'cell' aur Class 10 ka 'heredity' wala vichar (idea in words)