BiologyKhaga · Class 6-8
Rog kaise failte hain: microbes, carriers aur samajhdaari
Ek bachche ko zukaam hua, aur do din baad aadhi class chheenk rahi hai. Yeh beemari ek se doosre tak pahunchi kaise?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Kuch microbes beemari karte hain, unhe pathogen kehte hain. Woh hawa ki boondon, paani, khaane, chhoone ya machhar jaise carriers ke zariye ek insaan se doosre tak pahunchte hain. Aise rogon ko communicable (sankramak) rog kehte hain.
Microorganisms (bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa) har jagah hain. Kaafi saare humare dost hain, jaise dahi jamane wale bacteria. Par kuch pathogen hote hain jo beemari karte hain.
Har rog ka raasta alag hai: zukaam hawa ki boondon se, kuch pet ke rog gande paani ya khaane se, aur malaria machhar (carrier) se. Raasta samajh lo toh bachaav bhi samajh aata hai: haath dhona, saaf paani, chheenk ko kohni mein rokna, machhar se bachaav.
Kusht rog (leprosy) ek bacteria se hota hai jo bahut dheere badhta hai. WHO ke mutabik yeh haath milaane, saath baithne ya saath khaane se nahi failta, aur iska poora ilaaj hai. Phir bhi pehle aise logon ko samaaj se alag kar diya jaata tha. Galat darr bahut nuksaan karta hai, kyunki log jaanch se kataraate hain.
2025-26 mein sehat karamchariyon ne zyada beemari wale ilaakon mein 70 crore se zyada logon ki jaanch ki. Microbes ki samajh ka yahi asli kaam hai: jaldi pakadna, bina darr.
Ghar pe try karo
Bade ke saath ek table banao: zukaam, gande paani se hone wala pet ka rog, malaria. Har ek ke aage likho ki keetanu kaise pahunchta hai (hawa / paani-khaana / machhar) aur ek bachaav. Phir ghar mein ek jagah dhoondo jahan bachaav aur achha ho sakta hai, jaise paani ke bartan par dhakkan.
Wow!
Hamare shareer ke andar aur upar jitne microbes rehte hain, unme se zyada-tar humein koi nuksaan nahi karte!
3 sawaal
- Beemari karne wale microbe ko kya kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Pathogen. Beemari karne wale microbe ko pathogen kehte hain.
- WHO ke mutabik kusht rog ke baare mein sahi kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Iska poora ilaaj hai aur yeh haath milaane se nahi failta. Kusht rog bacteria se hota hai, iska ilaaj hai, aur yeh haath milaane ya saath baithne se nahi failta.
- Malaria kiske zariye failta hai?
Jawab dekho
Machhar (carrier) se. Malaria ka pathogen machhar ke zariye pahunchta hai, isliye machhar carrier hai.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 8 Science — microorganisms: dost aur dushman (pathogens, communicable rog, carriers)