BiotechKhaga · Class 6-8
Dahi jamna bhi ek science hai
Halke garam doodh mein ek chammach dahi daal do aur dhak ke chhod do — subah tak poora bartan dahi kaise ban jaata hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Kyunki us ek chammach jaman mein laakhon chhote jeev (bacteria) the. Woh doodh ki cheeni khaate hain, lactic acid banate hain, aur doodh jam jaata hai. Inhi chhote jeevon ko apne kaam pe lagana hi biotechnology hai.
Dahi jamane wale bacteria ka naam Lactobacillus hai. Woh doodh ki cheeni (lactose) ko lactic acid mein badalte hain. Isi acid se doodh ka protein jam jaata hai aur swaad khatta ho jaata hai. Is poore khel ko fermentation kehte hain.
Idli-dosa ka batter raat bhar mein phool jaata hai — kyunki usmein bhi bacteria aur yeast kaam karte hain aur gas ke chhote bulbule banate hain. Bread mein yeast yahi karta hai. Isiliye idli spongy hoti hai aur bread mein chhed dikhte hain.
Biotech sirf rasoi tak nahin hai. Kele ke ek chhote se tukde se lab mein hazaaron ek jaise, bimari-mukt paudhe banaye jaate hain — isse tissue culture kehte hain. Aur dal ke paudhon ki jadon mein rehne wale Rhizobium bacteria hawa ki nitrogen ko mitti tak pahunchate hain — yahi biofertiliser hai.
Ghar pe try karo
Bade se kaho ki doodh halka garam kar ke do katoriyon mein daal dein. Dono mein ek-ek chammach dahi milao. Ek katori garam jagah (kitchen ki almari) mein rakho, doosri fridge mein. Subah dekho — kaunsi jami, kaunsi nahin? Ab tumhe pata chal gaya ki bacteria ko garmi pasand hai.
Wow!
Jo jaman dadi aaj daalti hain, uske bacteria usi dahi se aaye the jo kal jama tha — ek chhoti si zindagi ki chain jo rasoi mein saalon se chal rahi hai.
3 sawaal
- Doodh se dahi banane wale bacteria ka naam kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus doodh ki lactose ko lactic acid mein badalta hai, jisse doodh jam jaata hai.
- Idli ka batter phoolta kyon hai?
Jawab dekho
Usmein bacteria aur yeast gas ke bulbule banate hain. Fermentation mein bante gas ke bulbule batter ko halka aur spongy banate hain.
- Tissue culture se kya milta hai?
Jawab dekho
Ek paudhe ke tukde se hazaaron ek jaise, bimari-mukt paudhe. Tissue culture mein ek paudhe ke chhote tukde se lab mein bahut saare ek jaise paudhe ugaaye jaate hain.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 8 Science — microorganisms: dost aur dushman