BiotechKhaga · Class 6-8
Plant breeding: sookha jhelne wali kism ka janam
El Niño ki wajah se baarish kam hui aur kharif ki fasal bigad gayi. Kya beej khud 'sookha-proof' banaaye ja sakte hain?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Poori tarah toh nahi, par kaafi had tak haan. Scientists selection (sabse achhe paudhe chunna) aur hybridisation (do kismon ka cross) se aisi kismein banaate hain jo kam paani mein tik jaayein ya sookha aane se pehle pak jaayein.
Selection: hazaaron paudhon mein se woh chuno jo sookhe mein bhi hare rahe, aur unke beej aage badhao. Yeh insaan ka sabse purana biotech hai.
Hybridisation: ek kism mein zyada upaj hai, doosri mein sookha jhelne ki taakat. Ek ke phool ka parag doosre ke phool par daalo. Jo naye paudhe bante hain, unme se dono khoobiyon wale chuno, aur kai saal parakh kar naya unnat beej (improved variety) banao.
Sookhe se bachne ke do raaste: kuch kismein jaldi pak jaati hain, taaki sookha aane se pehle fasal taiyaar ho. Kuch ki jadein gehri jaati hain aur kam paani mein bhi kaam chala leti hain. Bajra-jowar jaisi Shree Anna faslein kudrati taur par kam paani mein ug jaati hain.
Card: Andhra Pradesh mein El Niño ke chalte June-August ki baarish 53.4% kam rahi aur 388 mandal sookhagrast ghoshit hue. Card kehta hai ki Rayalaseema jaise sookhe ilaakon mein kam paani maangne wali faslein jaldi asar karti hain.
Ghar pe try karo
Bade ke saath do gamle ya cup mein moong bo do: ek ki mitti roz halki geeli rakho, doosre ko bahut kam paani do. Ek hafte tak roz dekho aur likho: paudhe kitne lambe hue, pattiyan kaisi dikhi? Ant mein bade ki madad se ek-ek paudha dheere se nikaal kar jadein dekho.
Wow!
Gehoon aur dhaan ki kai unnat kismein crossing aur selection se hi bani hain, jinhone Green Revolution mein badi madad ki!
3 sawaal
- Do kismon ke cross se nayi kism banana kya kehlata hai?
Jawab dekho
Hybridisation. Do kismon ka cross hybridisation hai.
- Jaldi pakne wali kism sookhe mein kyun kaam aati hai?
Jawab dekho
Sookha aane se pehle fasal taiyaar ho jaati hai. Jaldi pakne se fasal sookhe se pehle hi taiyaar ho jaati hai.
- Card ke mutabik Andhra Pradesh mein baarish ki kami kis wajah se badhi?
Jawab dekho
El Niño. Card kehta hai ki kami El Niño conditions se badhi.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 8 Science — fasal utpaadan (unnat beej, sinchaai); Class 7 Science — paudhon mein prajanan (parag aur beej)