MathsKhaga · Class 6-8
Data ka safar: sawaal se graph tak
Kya tumhari building mein sach mein sabse zyada log cricket pasand karte hain, ya bas aisa lagta hai? Pata kaise karoge?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Andaaze se nahi, data se. Sawaal tay karo, jawab ikattha karo, tally aur frequency table mein sajao, bar graph banao, phir padh kar nateeja nikaalo. Yahi statistics (sankhyiki) ki shuruaat hai.
Anaya ko lagta tha ki uski building mein sab cricket pasand karte hain. Usne 30 logon se poochha aur frequency table banayi: cricket 11, badminton 8, kabaddi 7, kho-kho 4. Cricket sabse aage tha, par 30 mein se aadhe se kam! Anaya ne apna andaaza chhoda aur data ki baat maani.
Paanch kadam: (1) saaf sawaal, (2) data ikattha karna, (3) tally/frequency table mein sajana, (4) bar graph ya pictograph banana, (5) padhna — sabse zyada wala (mode), sabse kam wala, aur kul. Dhyaan do: bar graph ki oonchai wali axis shunya se shuru honi chahiye. Agar woh 5 se shuru ho, toh 7 aur 11 ka farak bahut bada dikhta hai — aisa graph aankh ko dhokha deta hai.
Bharat ka yogdaan: P.C. Mahalanobis ne 1931 mein Kolkata mein Indian Statistical Institute shuru kiya, aur unki pahal se 1950 mein National Sample Survey shuru hua, jo desh bhar ke gharon se data ikattha karta hai. Unke janmdin, 29 June, ko Bharat Rashtriya Sankhyiki Diwas manata hai. Aage yahi data mean, median aur graph padhne ki kala ban jaata hai.
Ghar pe try karo
Ghar aur padosi ke 15-20 logon se ek sawaal poochho — jaise 'naashte mein kya pasand hai: poha, paratha, idli ya upma?' Frequency table banao, phir copy ke khaanon mein bar graph banao (axis shunya se). Do line mein likho ki tumne kya seekha.
Wow!
Ek hi data ka graph sirf axis badal kar 'chhota farak' ya 'bada farak' dikha sakta hai — isliye graph padhte waqt pehle axis dekho!
3 sawaal
- Kisi data mein sabse zyada baar aane wali value ko kya kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Mode. Sabse zyada baar aane wali value mode hai — Anaya ke data mein cricket.
- Bar graph ki oonchai wali axis 5 se shuru ho toh kya hota hai?
Jawab dekho
Chhota farak bahut bada dikh sakta hai. Axis shunya se na ho toh khambon ka anupaat bigad jaata hai.
- Bharat mein Rashtriya Sankhyiki Diwas kiske janmdin par manaya jaata hai?
Jawab dekho
P.C. Mahalanobis. 29 June, P.C. Mahalanobis ka janmdin, Rashtriya Sankhyiki Diwas hai.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 6-7 Maths — data handling: frequency table, pictograph aur bar graph