MedicalKhaga · Class 6-8
PM2.5: itna chhota kan jo naak ki chhanni se bhi nikal jaaye
Naak ke paas dhool rokne ki poori team hai — phir bhi gandi hawa phephdon ki gehrai tak kaise pahunchti hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Kyunki hawa mein kuch kan itne baarik hote hain (PM2.5 — 2.5 micrometre se chhote) ki woh naak ke baal aur balgam se bach ke phephdon ki sabse andar ki thailiyon tak ja sakte hain.
Saans ka raasta: naak → gala → trachea (saans ki nali) → bronchi (do shaakhayein) → aur patli naliyaan → alveoli (hawa ki chhoti thailiyan). Alveoli ke chaaron taraf khoon ki bahut patli naseein hoti hain, jahan oxygen khoon mein jaati hai aur carbon dioxide bahar aati hai.
Particulate matter (PM) matlab hawa mein latke bahut chhote kan. PM10 (10 micrometre se chhote) zyadatar naak-gale mein ruk jaate hain; PM2.5 unse bhi chhote hain — ek baal ki motaai se kai guna patle — isliye gehre andar tak pahunch sakte hain. Isi wajah se National Air Quality Index (AQI) PM2.5 aur PM10 dono naapta hai.
Kya karein: AQI ke 6 bands hote hain, 'good' se 'severe' tak. Kharab AQI wale din bahar bhaari exercise kam karo, aur saans phoolna ya lagaataar khaansi ho toh bade ko batao aur doctor ko dikhao. Ilaaj doctor tay karte hain — hum khud nahi.
Ghar pe try karo
Ek hafte tak roz ek hi samay par apne shehar ka AQI (akhbaar, TV ya bade ke phone se) note karo aur table banao: din, AQI number, band ka naam. Hafte ke end mein dekho — sabse saaf din kaunsa tha?
Wow!
PM2.5 ka ek kan tumhare ek baal ki motaai se lagbhag 20-30 guna patla hota hai!
3 sawaal
- PM2.5 ka matlab kya hai?
Jawab dekho
2.5 micrometre se chhote hawa ke kan. PM2.5 woh kan hain jo 2.5 micrometre se chhote hote hain.
- Oxygen aur carbon dioxide ka lena-dena kahan hota hai?
Jawab dekho
Alveoli mein. Alveoli ke paas ki patli naseeon mein gas ka lena-dena hota hai.
- National AQI mein kitne bands hote hain?
Jawab dekho
Chhe. AQI 6 bands mein batata hai — good se severe tak.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 7 Science — respiration in organisms; NCERT Class 8 Science — air pollution