PhysicsKhaga · Class 6-8
Hydropower: paani ki oonchai ko bijli mein badalna
Bijli ke taar mein paani toh nahi behta — phir 'paani se bijli' ka matlab kya hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Paani khud bijli nahi banta. Girta paani turbine ko ghumata hai, turbine generator ko, aur ghoomta generator bijli banata hai. Paani ki oonchai ki energy bas roop badalti hai.
Energy ka roop badalna: baandh ke peeche ooncha jama paani = stored energy (potential energy). Pipe se neeche girta paani = gati ki energy (kinetic energy). Paani turbine ke pankhon se takraata hai → turbine ghoomti hai (mechanical energy) → generator → bijli (electrical energy).
Do tarah ke project: 'run-of-the-river' — nadi ke behte paani ka istemaal, kam paani jama. 'Storage dam' — oonchi deewar ke peeche bahut paani jama; zaroorat par chhodo, aur baadh ke waqt paani rok kar baadh kam karne mein madad bhi.
Fayde: baarish se nadi phir bharti hai (renewable), aur bijli banate waqt dhuaan nahi. Pahadi nadiyaan tez dhalaan se utarti hain aur unmein paani bhi bahut hota hai — isliye Arunachal Pradesh jaise pahadi rajyon mein hydropower ki itni baat hoti hai.
Ghar pe try karo
Paani ka pahiya banao (paper plate + kaagaz ke cup + pencil ki dhuri; chhed bade se karwao). Sink mein ek hi mug paani 3 oonchaiyon se daalo — 10, 20, 30 cm. Har baar 10 second mein chakkar gino aur table banao. Oonchai badhi toh chakkar?
Wow!
Nadi ki bijli asal mein Suraj ki energy hai: Suraj paani ko bhaap bana ke upar uthata hai, pahad par baarish girti hai, aur hum wahi 'uthaaya hua' paani neeche gira ke bijli nikaalte hain.
3 sawaal
- Hydropower plant mein generator ko kaun ghumata hai?
Jawab dekho
Turbine. Girta paani turbine ghumata hai, aur turbine generator ko.
- Storage dam ka ek aur fayda kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Baadh ke waqt paani rok kar baadh kam karna. Bada reservoir baadh ka paani rok sakta hai.
- Paani girte waqt kaunsi energy badhti hai?
Jawab dekho
Gati ki energy (kinetic). Girte hue stored energy ghat-ti hai aur gati ki energy badhti hai.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 8 Geography — mineral aur power resources (hydel power)