ParyavaranPushan · Class 9-10
Landfill ya compost: oxygen ka khel
Chhilke compost ke gamle mein khaad banate hain, par wahi chhilke landfill mein daba do toh methane gas kyun banti hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Compost mein hawa (oxygen) hoti hai aur oxygen pasand karne wale jeev (aerobic) chhilke todte hain. Landfill ke andar oxygen kam hoti hai, isliye oxygen-rahit (anaerobic) jeev methane banate hain — ek taakatwar greenhouse gas.
Galna kya hai: decomposers (bacteria, fungi) jaivik padarth ko todkar poshak tatva mitti ko lautate hain. Aerobic galna (oxygen ke saath): mukhya roop se CO₂, paani, garmi aur khaad. Anaerobic galna (oxygen ke bina): methane (CH₄) aur CO₂.
Landfill mein upar ka kooda neeche ke kooda ko dabata hai, oxygen kam hoti hai, toh anaerobic galna hota hai aur methane banti hai. Baarish ka paani kooda se ghulkar 'leachate' banata hai, jo zameen ke paani ko gande kar sakta hai. Isliye kooda ko source par alag karna zaroori hai.
Waste hierarchy: Reduce → Reuse → Recycle → (baaki ka) sahi nipatara → landfill sabse aakhri. Bharat ke Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 source par segregation ka niyam dete hain: geela, sookha aur ghar ka khatarnak kooda alag.
Ghar pe try karo
Bade ki madad se ek chhota compost gamla ya dibba (ched wala) banao: chhilke + sookhe patte + thodi mitti, hawa aane do, thodi nami rakho, roz ek baar lakdi se palto. 2 hafte note karo kya badla. Gamle mein pakka hua khana ya doodh ki cheezein mat daalo. Dekhne ke baad haath dho lo.
Wow!
Same chhilke: hawa mein khaad, daba do toh methane — farak sirf oxygen ka hota hai!
3 sawaal
- Landfill ke andar oxygen kam hone par jaivik kooda galne se kaun si greenhouse gas banti hai?
Jawab dekho
Methane. Anaerobic galne se methane (CH₄) aur CO₂ banti hain.
- Leachate kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Kooda se ghul kar nikla gandha paani. Baarish ka paani kooda se ghulkar leachate banata hai, jo zameen ke paani ko gande kar sakta hai.
- Waste hierarchy mein sabse zyada tarjeeh kis ko di jaati hai?
Jawab dekho
Reduce. Sabse behtar hai kooda banne hi na dena (Reduce); landfill sabse aakhri vikalp hai.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 10 Science — hamara paryavaran (biodegradable aur non-biodegradable padarth)