PaisaPushan · Class 9-10
Roka hua daam: aaj ki raahat, kal ka bill
Agar petrol-diesel ke daam 'deregulated' hain, toh kachcha tel mehnga hone par bhi pump ka daam kyun nahi badha?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Kaagaz par petrol (2010) aur diesel (2014) ke daam market se jude hain, aur 2017 se roz badal sakte hain. Par practice mein teen sarkari OMCs retail par haavi hain, aur unka daam na badhaane ka faisla asal mein regulation ki tarah kaam karta hai.
Cost-price chain: Indian crude basket 2025-26 ke average ~$66 se 21 September ko $117.4 prati barrel. Laagat badhi, retail price wahi. Nateeja: ICRA ke hisaab se OMCs ko roz ~₹530 crore ka under-recovery — diesel ~₹9/litre, petrol ~₹8/litre, LPG ~₹300/cylinder. Crude $105 ke upar tika raha aur daam na badhe, toh saal mein petrol-diesel par ₹64,000 crore se zyada aur LPG par ₹1 lakh crore se zyada ka anumaan hai.
Kaun bharta hai? (1) OMCs — kam munaafa, kam dividend, naye nivesh ke liye kam paisa. (2) Sarkar — Union excise duty kam kare (States apna VAT) ya companies ko compensate kare. Pehle yeh compensation 'oil bonds' se hua tha: us saal ka ghata budget mein nahi dikha, par byaaj aur bhugtaan das saal se zyada aage ke budgets par pada. (3) Grahak — daam badhne par.
So what: daam roke rakhne se abhi mehngai kam dikhti hai, par dabav company ki balance sheet aur baad ke budget par chala jaata hai. Rasoi gas mein garib gharon ki madad targeted tareeke se bhi hoti hai — PAHAL mein cylinder market daam pe milta hai aur subsidy bank khaate mein aati hai, aur Ujjwala (2016) ne garib gharon ki mahilaon ko connection diye.
Ghar pe try karo
Ek table banao: 3 column — 'Company jhele', 'Sarkar tax ghataaye', 'Grahak daam de'. Har ek ke do fayde aur do nuksaan likho (mehngai, sarkari kamaai, company ka nivesh). Ghar pe charcha karo — kaunsa mix sabse theek lagta hai aur kyun?
Wow!
Oil bonds ne ek saal ka ghata chhupa diya tha — par unka byaaj das saal se zyada tak aage ke budget bharte rahe.
3 sawaal
- Petrol ke daam kab deregulate hue?
Jawab dekho
June 2010. Petrol June 2010, diesel October 2014; daily pricing June 2017 se.
- Oil bonds ki mukhya seekh kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Ghata us saal chhupta hai, par baad ke budgets par byaaj ka bojh padta hai. Oil bonds deferred, hidden fiscal liability ki misaal hain.
- PAHAL yojana mein LPG subsidy kaise milti hai?
Jawab dekho
Cylinder market daam pe, subsidy bank khaate mein. PAHAL (DBTL) mein subsidy seedhe bank khaate mein aati hai.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 10 Economics — globalisation aur Indian economy (duniya ke daam ka ghar tak asar)