MedicalPushan · Class 9-10
Mucociliary escalator: phephdon ki safai-belt aur smog
Phephde roz hazaaron litre hawa lete hain — phir bhi saaf kaise rehte hain, aur smog is system ko kaise thaka deta hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Saans ki nali ki andar ki parat par balgam ki patli chadar aur uske neeche lakhon cilia hote hain jo lahar ki tarah hilte hain. Yeh 'mucociliary escalator' dhool aur germs ko upar gale tak le jaata hai. Par kan bahut zyada ya bahut baarik hon, toh yeh belt peeche reh jaati hai.
Mechanism: bade kan (PM10) naak aur upar ki naliyon mein balgam se chipak jaate hain aur cilia unhe upar dhakel dete hain — hum unhe khaans kar nikaal dete hain ya nigal lete hain. PM2.5 jaise baarik kan alveoli tak pahunch sakte hain, jahan cilia hote hi nahi; wahan safai sharir ki immune cells karti hain. Zyada kan aane par saans ki naliyon mein jalan (inflammation) badh sakti hai — isliye asthma jaisi saans ki takleef wale logon ki pareshani smog mein badh jaati hai.
Term: National Air Quality Index 8 pollutants naapta hai — PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, ozone, ammonia aur lead — aur 6 bands mein batata hai, 'good' se 'severe' tak. Sardi mein thandi, ruki hawa pollutants ko zameen ke paas phansa leti hai, isliye Indo-Gangetic maidan mein smog badhta hai.
So what: isliye Dilli ka plan kan ke source par vaar karta hai. BS-VI norms (1 April 2020 se, BS-V ko chhod kar) diesel ke kan aur NOx kaafi kam karte hain, aur dhool wala construction sabse kharab mahino se pehle khatam karne ka target hai. Sabse sasta bachao: kan ko hawa mein aane hi na do.
Ghar pe try karo
Ek flowchart banao: Hawa → naak (baal) → trachea (balgam + cilia) → bronchi → alveoli (immune cells). Har step ke saamne likho: yahan zyadatar kaunsa kan rukta hai — PM10 ya PM2.5?
Wow!
Tumhari saans ki nali ke cilia ek second mein kai baar hilte hain — ek aisi escalator ki tarah jo kabhi band nahi hoti!
3 sawaal
- Mucociliary escalator ka kaam kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Balgam aur dhool ko gale ki taraf upar le jaana. Balgam dhool pakadta hai aur cilia use gale ki taraf upar le jaate hain.
- Alveoli tak kaunse kan zyada pahunch sakte hain?
Jawab dekho
PM2.5. PM2.5 itne baarik hain ki upar ki suraksha se bach ke alveoli tak pahunch sakte hain.
- National AQI kitne pollutants naapta hai?
Jawab dekho
8. National AQI 8 pollutants naapta hai.
NCERT se jodo: NCERT Class 10 Science — life processes (respiration)