ChemistryMarichi · UPSC
pH, Acid Rain aur Ocean Acidification: Chemistry jo Environment Paper mein aati hai
Ocean acidification mein samudra 'acidic' nahi ban raha — toh ise 'acidification' kyun kehte hain, aur exam is trap ko kaise puchta hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Kyunki pH neeche ki taraf ja raha hai, par abhi samudra basic hai — process ko acidification kehte hain, end-state ko nahi. Prelims aise hi shabdon ke trap lagata hai.
Concept: pH = -log10[H+], scale 0-14, aur yeh logarithmic hai — ek unit ka farak H+ ke 10 guna farak ke barabar. 7 ka neutral hona 25 degree C par sahi hai; yeh sthir number nahi. Strong aur weak acid ka fark ionisation ki degree se aata hai.
Environment link: saaf baarish ka pH lagbhag 5.6 hota hai kyunki atmospheric CO2 ghulti hai; usse neeche pH ko acid rain kehte hain — 7 par nahi. Ocean acidification mein CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3-, isliye H+ badhte hain aur pH girta hai. Samudra ka carbonate buffer asar dheema karta hai, par khatam nahi karta.
Policy/analysis: SDG 14.3 ocean acidification ke asar ko kam karne par target rakhta hai. Analysis: CO2 emissions ka ek asar climate change hai aur doosra ocean chemistry — dono ek hi jad se aate hain, isliye mitigation ka double dividend hai. Mains mein science ko ek line mein rakho, phir governance aur adaptation par jao.
Ghar pe try karo
200-word skeleton: intro (pH = -log[H+], CO2 ka dual role), body (acid rain vs ocean acidification, buffer ki seema), conclusion (SDG 14.3 aur mitigation ka double dividend).
Wow!
Samudra ab bhi thoda basic hai — 'ocean acidification' ka matlab pH ke girne ki disha hai, acid ban jaana nahi!
3 sawaal
- Ocean acidification ke baare mein sahi kathan kaunsa hai?
Jawab dekho
Samudra ka pH gir raha hai, par woh abhi bhi thoda basic hai. Trap: process 'acidification' hai, end-state acidic nahi.
- Saaf baarish ka pH lagbhag kitna hota hai?
Jawab dekho
5.6. CO2 ghulne se saaf baarish ka pH lagbhag 5.6 hota hai; acid rain usse neeche.
- pH ek unit ghatne par H+ ki maatra mein kya badlav aata hai?
Jawab dekho
10 guna badhti hai. pH logarithmic scale hai: ek unit ka farak H+ mein 10 guna farak.
NCERT se jodo: GS3 — Environmental pollution aur degradation; NCERT Class 11 Chemistry — equilibrium (pH, buffer); NCERT Class 10 Science — acids, bases and salts