UPSC Darpan

EngineeringMarichi · UPSC

National Household Travel Survey: Moving People, Not Vehicles

Highway code PCU (gaadiyan) ginta hai; NHTS logon ko ginta hai. Shehri transport engineering ka sahi unit kya ho?

Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab

Shehri design ka unit person throughput hona chahiye. NHTS pehli baar national data deta hai ki log kaise chalte hain, aur yeh dikhata hai ki public transport patla hai aur auraten bus par zyada nirbhar hain.

Survey: MoSPI ka pehla National Household Travel Survey, NSS 80th round mein, July 2025-June 2026, lagbhag 20 lakh log, 14,274 gaon aur 10,377 urban blocks; 1 km se chhoti yatra record nahi hui. Kaam par: two-wheeler 42.6%, paidal 28.3%, cycle 10.7%, bus 6.7%, car 3%. Metro/suburban rail/monorail/tram shehri kaamkaajiyon ka 5% (Maharashtra 20.7%, West Bengal 16.5%, Delhi 14.4%). Ausat commute kharch ₹785/maheena.

Gender cut: 1 km+ shehri yatra mein 21.7% auraten bus leti hain, aadmi 6.9% (Keralam 46.8%, Tamil Nadu 41.1%). Engineering implication: frequency, safe stops, last-mile footpath, low-floor access; bus = social infrastructure. Savdhaani: dakshini States ke free-bus schemes se correlation hai, causation sabit nahi.

Static: MoSPI 1999 mein Department of Statistics aur Department of Programme Implementation ke merger se bana. 2019 mein CSO aur NSSO milkar National Statistics Office (NSO) bane. National Urban Transport Policy, 2006: public transport aur non-motorised transport ko priority, sadak ki jagah logon ke hisaab se. SDG 11.2: 2030 tak sabke liye surakshit, sasta, accessible transport.

Prelims traps: (1) NHTS NSS ka 80th round tha, Census ka hissa nahi. (2) NSO 2019 mein bana, CSO + NSSO se; MoSPI 1999. (3) 1 km se chhoti yatra shamil nahi, isliye 'paidal' ka asli hissa kam aanka gaya ho sakta hai. Mains: GS1 urbanisation aur women; GS3 infrastructure.

Ghar pe try karo

Ek 150-shabd ka note likho: 'Person throughput ko shehri transport design ka unit kyun banana chahiye?' Isme NUTP 2006, NHTS ka gender cut aur ek limitation (1 km se chhoti yatra) shamil karo.

Wow!

Jahan rail hai wahan log use karte hain: Maharashtra mein 20.7% shehri kaamkaaji metro/suburban rail lete hain, national ausat 5% ke muqable.

3 sawaal

  1. National Statistics Office (NSO) kab aur kaise bana?
    Jawab dekho

    2019, CSO aur NSSO ke merger se. 2019 mein CSO aur NSSO milkar NSO bane; MoSPI 1999 mein bana tha.

  2. Trap: NHTS ke baare mein sahi kathan?
    Jawab dekho

    Yeh NSS 80th round ka hissa tha aur 1 km se chhoti yatra record nahi hui. NHTS NSS 80th round mein hua aur 1 km se chhoti yatra record nahi hui.

  3. SDG target 11.2 kis baare mein hai?
    Jawab dekho

    Sabke liye surakshit, sasta, accessible transport. SDG 11.2 2030 tak sabke liye surakshit, sasti, accessible aur sustainable transport ki baat karta hai.

NCERT se jodo: GS1 — Urbanisation, its problems and remedies; role of women. GS3 — Infrastructure (roads, urban transport)

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