ParyavaranMarichi · UPSC
Kaali Kaalikh, Safed Barf: Black Carbon ki Kahani
Door kisi bhatte ka dhuaan Himalaya ki barf ko kaise pighla sakta hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Adhoori combustion se black carbon (kaalikh) banta hai. Hawa ke saath yeh barf pe baith jaata hai. Safed barf dhoop ko lautaati hai; kaali parat dhoop sokhti hai. Albedo ghata, garmi badhi, barf jaldi pighli.
Albedo matlab surface kitni dhoop wapas bhejti hai. Taazi barf ka albedo bahut high hai, kaali sadak ka bahut low. Garmi mein kaali t-shirt kyun zyada garam lagti hai? Wahi physics glacier pe chal rahi hai.
Black carbon ek aerosol hai, gas nahi. Yeh hawa mein sirf kuch dino se hafton tak rehta hai — isliye isey short-lived climate pollutant kehte hain. Achhi khabar: source band karo to asar jaldi ghatta hai. Sources: purane brick kilns, chulhe mein lakdi-uple, diesel, fasal ka jalna.
Solutions practical hain: zig-zag kiln technology jismein combustion behtar hota hai, clean cooking fuel, diesel ki jagah saaf engine. Yeh ek hi kaam se do fayde hain — sehat (PM2.5 kam) aur climate (glacier bachaav). GS3 mein ise 'co-benefits' ki tarah likho.
Ghar pe try karo
Do katoriyon mein barf ke tukde rakho. Ek pe thodi si chulhe ki raakh ya pencil ka kaala chura chhidko. Dono ko dhoop mein rakho aur dekho kaunsa pehle pighalta hai.
Wow!
Barf pe ek patli si kaali parat utni hi khatarnak ho sakti hai jitni hawa mein badhti garmi — kyunki woh sooraj ko 'andar aane ka darwaza' de deti hai.
3 sawaal
- Albedo kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Kisi surface dwara wapas pratibimbit dhoop ka anupaat. Albedo = reflected radiation / incident radiation.
- Trap: Black carbon ke baare mein sahi kathan?
Jawab dekho
Yeh ek aerosol hai jo kuch dino se hafton tak hawa mein rehta hai. Black carbon aerosol hai, gas nahi; Kyoto basket mein nahi; adhoori combustion se banta hai.
- Barf pe black carbon jamne se kya hota hai?
Jawab dekho
Albedo ghatta hai aur pighalna tez hota hai. Kaali parat zyada dhoop sokhti hai.
NCERT se jodo: GS3 — Environment (air pollution, climate change); GS1 — Physical Geography (glaciers, heat balance); NCERT Class 11 Geography — solar radiation, heat balance and temperature