ParyavaranMarichi · UPSC
Grasslands 'Wasteland' Nahi: PNAS Study, Development aur Restoration ki Neeti
Solar park aur plantation ke liye khuli ghaas ko 'wasteland' maan kar allot karna — kya PNAS study ke baad yeh classification neeti-star par tik sakti hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Study ke anusaar puraane grasslands ujadne par sau saal se zyada mein bhi nahi banate — nuksaan neeti ke samay-scale par sthayi hai. Isliye 'wasteland' ek administrative label hai, ecological sach nahi.
Science: PNAS study ne Bharat, Australia, Brazil ke savanna aur US ke prairies ke 742 paudhon ki tulna ki. Secondary grasslands mein paudhe lambe, kam resource-conserving, kism kam aur weedy annuals zyada, kyunki nutrients aur pH badal jaate hain. Grasslands duniya ke zameeni carbon ka lagbhag ek-tihai sambhaalte hain. India mein duniya ke lagbhag 15% livestock lagbhag 4% zameen par hain.
Institutional frame: Wastelands Atlas of India Department of Land Resources aur National Remote Sensing Centre banate hain; isme degraded pastures aur scrub jaisi categories aati hain, isliye khuli ghaas aksar 'development' ke liye samajhi jaati hai. UNCCD ke tahat India ne 2030 tak 26 million hectare degraded zameen restore karne ka vaada kiya hai. Great Indian Bustard IUCN mein Critically Endangered hai aur Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 ki Schedule I mein; M.K. Ranjitsinh v Union of India mein Supreme Court ne 2021 mein bustard habitat mein overhead power lines ko underground karne ka aadesh diya aur 2024 mein use modify karke Articles 14 aur 21 ke tahat climate change ke prabhavon se bachne ka adhikaar maana. UN ne 2026 ko International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists ghoshit kiya hai.
Analysis: solar park aur plantation grasslands par isliye jaate hain kyunki zameen samtal, sasti aur 'waste' record mein hai. Better: renewable energy pehle sach mein degraded zameen, chhat aur nahar ke upar; grassland impact screen aavashyak. Afforestation targets pedon ko inaam dete hain, par ped ghaas ko chhaya mein daba sakte hain aur carbon sirf pedon mein nahi, ghaas ki mitti mein bhi jama hota hai. Counter-view: kuch grasslands bigde jungle hote hain — classification site-specific honi chahiye.
Way forward: restoration aanshik kaam karta hai (Solapur mein bustard, Kutch mein lesser florican, Orang mein pygmy hog laute), par puraana paudhon ka samuday wapas nahi aata — isliye bachana pehle. Ecologist ne National Grassland Restoration Programme aur National Grazing Policy maangi hai; charwahon ko manager ki tarah dekhna, encroacher ki tarah nahi.
Ghar pe try karo
250-word Mains skeleton: intro (PNAS study + 'wasteland' label), body 1 (ecological cost: carbon, biodiversity, sau saal), body 2 (development vs environment: solar aur afforestation ka trade-off), body 3 (institutional fixes: grassland ki alag legal category, grazing neeti, impact screen), conclusion (pehle protection, phir restoration).
Wow!
Duniya ke zameeni carbon ka lagbhag ek-tihai ghaas ke maidan sambhaalte hain — phir bhi unhe record mein 'wasteland' likha jaata hai!
3 sawaal
- Great Indian Bustard ke baare mein sahi kathan kaunsa hai?
Jawab dekho
IUCN mein Critically Endangered hai aur Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 ki Schedule I mein hai. GIB IUCN mein Critically Endangered aur WPA 1972 ki Schedule I mein hai.
- Wastelands Atlas of India kaun banata hai?
Jawab dekho
Department of Land Resources, National Remote Sensing Centre ke saath. Department of Land Resources (NRSC ke saath) Wastelands Atlas banata hai.
- UNCCD ke tahat India ne 2030 tak kitni degraded zameen restore karne ka vaada kiya hai?
Jawab dekho
26 million hectare. India ne 2030 tak 26 million hectare degraded zameen restore karne ka vaada kiya hai.
NCERT se jodo: GS3 — Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation; GS1 — distribution of key natural resources; NCERT Class 12 Biology — ecosystem