EthicsMarichi · UPSC
Empathy, Sympathy, Compassion: Lok-sevak ka Dil aur Dimaag
Ek Collector ke saamne ek gareeb parivaar hai jo apni 15 saal ki beti ki shaadi 'uski suraksha' ke liye kar raha hai. Empathy kehti hai unki majboori samjho; kanoon kehta hai shaadi rokna hai. Lok-sevak dono ko kaise saadhe?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
GS4 syllabus 'empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections' ko civil service ke foundational values mein ginta hai. Sympathy taras hai, empathy doosre ki jagah se samajh hai, compassion samajh ke baad madad ka sankalp hai. Lok-sevak ke liye empathy faisle ka saadhan hai, kanoon se chhoot nahi — samjho kyun, phir aisa raasta chuno jo kanoon bhi rakhe aur insaan bhi.
Concepts: (1) Sympathy — doosre ke dukh par taras ('bechaare'); doori bani rehti hai. (2) Empathy — affective (dard mehsoos karna) aur cognitive (nazariya samajhna). (3) Compassion — dukh dekh kar use kam karne ki sakriya ichchha. (4) Impartiality/objectivity — sab par ek kasauti. Adam Smith (The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1759) ka 'impartial spectator' dikhata hai ki naitik bhavna aur nishpaksh drishti saath chal sakti hain.
Bharatiya neev: Yoga Sutra 1.33 sukhi ke prati maitri, dukhi ke prati karuna, punyavaan ke prati mudita aur apunyavaan ke prati upeksha ki bhavna se chitt ki prasannata batata hai; Buddh parampara mein bhi maitri, karuna, mudita, upeksha 'brahmavihara' hain. Yaani karuna yahan bhavuk jhukaav nahi, ek saadha hua sthir gun hai — lok-seva ke liye seedha upyogi.
Tension aur santulan: empathy ka spotlight kareebi ya 'pehchaane' chehron par padta hai (identifiable victim effect), isliye bina niyam ke yeh pakshpaat ban sakti hai. Isliye: empathy se samasya ki jad samjho (gareebi, izzat ka darr, school chhootna), compassion se samaadhan dhoondo (scheme se jodna, beti ka school mein dobara daakhila), aur impartiality se kanoon sab par ek tarah lagao. Aaj ke card ka 'admin' sawaal yahi santulan maangta hai: dropout ladkiyon ki mapping, rokne ke baad re-enrolment aur scheme linkage, aur jahan shaadi ho chuki ho wahan adult doolhe aur aayojakon par karvayi.
Exam traps (GS4 concepts): (a) empathy aur sympathy paryayvachi nahi; (b) empathy ka matlab sehmati ya kanoon mein dheel nahi; (c) compassion sakriya hai, sirf bhavna nahi. Case study mein 'empathetic yet firm' tabhi likho jab aapke kadam dono dikhayein.
Ghar pe try karo
Case study abhyaas (20 minute): upar wale Collector ke sawaal par 250 shabd likho. Teen column banao — Empathy (parivaar ki majboori kya hai), Compassion (unke liye kaun si madad), Impartiality (kanoon kaise lagu hoga). Phir ghar ke kisi bade ko apna jawab sunao aur poochho: 'Kya isme insaan aur kanoon dono dikhe?'
Wow!
Yoga Sutra 1.33 ne hazaaron saal pehle hi bata diya tha ki alag-alag logon ke prati alag bhavna — maitri, karuna, mudita, upeksha — mann ko sthir rakhti hai: lok-sevak ki emotional intelligence ka ek purana naksha!
3 sawaal
- GS4 syllabus ke 'foundational values for Civil Service' mein kaun sa vaakyansh hai?
Jawab dekho
Empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections. Syllabus integrity, impartiality, non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication ke saath empathy, tolerance aur compassion towards the weaker sections ginata hai.
- Yoga Sutra 1.33 dukhi vyakti ke prati kaun si bhavna rakhne ko kehta hai?
Jawab dekho
Karuna. Sukhi ke prati maitri, dukhi ke prati karuna, punyavaan ke prati mudita, apunyavaan ke prati upeksha.
- Sahi kathan chuno.
Jawab dekho
Empathy samasya ki jad samajhne ka saadhan hai, impartiality ka vikalp nahi. Empathy samjhaati hai, compassion madad karti hai, aur impartiality sab par ek kasauti rakhti hai.
NCERT se jodo: GS4 — Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service: empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections; emotional intelligence