PaisaMarichi · UPSC
Real Interest: Tumhari FD Sach Mein Kitna Kamaati Hai?
Bank 6% de raha hai aur mehngaai 5% hai — to tum asal mein kitne ameer hue?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Lagbhag 1% hi! Real interest ≈ nominal interest − inflation. Paisa badha, par saamaan bhi mehnga hua. Asli kamaai woh hai jo mehngaai ke baad bachti hai.
Example (illustrative numbers): ₹10,000 FD pe 6% saalana mile to ₹10,600. Par agar jo saamaan ₹10,000 ka tha woh ab ₹10,500 ka hai, to tumhari purchasing power sirf ₹100 ke aas-paas badhi. Isey Fisher relation kehte hain: real ≈ nominal − inflation. Tax ke baad yeh aur kam ho sakta hai.
Compound interest dono taraf chalta hai. Rule of 72: 72 ko rate se bhaag do to paisa double hone ke saal milte hain (9% pe lagbhag 8 saal). Yahi rule mehngaai pe bhi — 6% mehngaai pe qareeb 12 saal mein daam double. Isliye lambe samay ki bachat mein real return sochna zaroori hai.
Macro link: RBI ki Monetary Policy Committee ka target CPI inflation 4% hai (±2% band). Jab repo rate aur inflation ka farak kam ho, real policy rate zero ke paas aata hai — yeh borrowing sasta, par bachat karne waalon ke liye kam fayda.
Suraksha: bank deposits DICGC ke tahat har bank mein har depositor ke ₹5 lakh tak (principal + interest) insured hain. UPI safety: paisa lene ke liye PIN kabhi nahi daalna padta — PIN maange to fraud samjho.
Ghar pe try karo
Ghar mein kisi bade se poochho: 10 saal pehle doodh ya petrol kitne ka tha, ab kitne ka hai. Rule of 72 se andaaza lagao ki mehngaai lagbhag kitni rahi.
Wow!
Tijori mein rakha nota chori nahi hota, par mehngaai har saal usme se chupchaap thoda-thoda kha jaati hai.
3 sawaal
- Nominal interest 7% aur inflation 5% ho to real interest lagbhag?
Jawab dekho
2%. Fisher approximation: 7 − 5 = 2%.
- Trap: DICGC deposit insurance ke baare mein sahi kathan?
Jawab dekho
Har depositor ke har bank mein ₹5 lakh tak, principal aur interest milaakar. Cover per depositor per bank ₹5 lakh hai, principal + interest dono milaakar.
- RBI ke MPC ka CPI inflation target kya hai?
Jawab dekho
4% (±2%). Flexible inflation targeting: 4% with 2%-6% tolerance band.
NCERT se jodo: GS3 — Indian Economy (inflation, monetary policy, banking); NCERT Class 12 Macroeconomics — money and banking