PaisaMarichi · UPSC
OMC Under-recoveries: Freeze ki Chhupi Keemat
Deregulated fuel, frozen price, aur ₹530 crore roz ka ghata — bill aakhir kiske naam?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Teen mein se kisi ke: OMCs (balance sheet), exchequer (excise cut ya compensation) ya consumer (price rise). Card ka core argument: freeze ek hidden subsidy hai jo public shareholders aur baad ke budget se chukayi jaati hai — transparent budgeting ise abhi subsidy ki tarah record karegi.
Facts (ICRA, card ke mutabik): teen PSU OMCs — IOC, BPCL, HPCL — ko ~₹530 crore/din; diesel ₹9/l, petrol ₹8/l, domestic LPG ₹300/cylinder. Indian crude basket 21 September ko $117.4/barrel (2025-26 avg ~$66). Crude H2 2026-27 mein $105 ke upar tika aur daam na badhe, toh auto fuels par ₹64,000 crore+ aur LPG par ₹1 lakh crore+ under-recovery ka anumaan.
Framework: petrol deregulation June 2010, diesel October 2014, dynamic daily pricing 16 June 2017 se. Domestic LPG PAHAL (DBTL) se — cylinder market price par, subsidy bank khaate mein; PMUY (2016) se garib parivaaron ki mahilaon ko connection. Petrol-diesel GST se bahar: Union excise + State VAT. Article 279A(5) (101st Amendment, 2016): GST Council recommend karegi ki petroleum crude, HSD, motor spirit, natural gas aur ATF par GST kab se lage — yaani rukawat kanooni nahi, fiscal aur political hai.
History aur resilience: deregulation se pehle oil bonds — us saal ke fiscal deficit se bahar, par byaaj aur repayment das saal se zyada aage ke budgets par. Strategic Petroleum Reserve: ISPRL ke Visakhapatnam, Mangaluru, Padur caverns, 5.33 million tonnes — sirf ~9-10 din ki crude zaroorat; IEA members ke liye 90 din ke net imports ka stock zaroori; India IEA ka association country hai, full member nahi. CEA ne kam se kam chhe mahine ke oil storage ki baat ki.
Prelims trap: under-recovery (cost-based price − realised price) aur GRM (refined products ki value − crude cost) alag concepts hain. Analysis angle: excise cut sabse transparent lever hai par revenue ki keemat par; universal freeze ka sabse bada fayda sabse zyada fuel kharch karne walon ko; storage sasta crude hone par badhana chahiye, $117 par nahi.
Ghar pe try karo
Card ke Mains question ka 5-point skeleton banao: intro (₹530 crore/din, $117.4 vs ~$66), kaun bharta hai (under-recovery, GRM ki seema, oil bonds), options (pass-through, excise/VAT, compensation, PAHAL/PMUY targeting), structural (SPR 5.33 MT se aage, supplier diversification, sasta crude hone par bana price-stabilisation fund), conclusion (rule-based partial pass-through).
Wow!
5.33 million tonnes ka strategic reserve sunne mein bada lagta hai, par yeh Bharat ki crude zaroorat ke sirf ~9-10 din ka hai.
3 sawaal
- Article 279A(5) ke tehat kin products par GST ki date GST Council recommend karegi?
Jawab dekho
Petroleum crude, HSD, motor spirit, natural gas aur ATF. Article 279A(5) in paanch petroleum products ka naam leta hai.
- India ke strategic petroleum reserves (ISPRL) kahan hain?
Jawab dekho
Visakhapatnam, Mangaluru, Padur. Teen underground rock caverns: Visakhapatnam, Mangaluru, Padur — kul 5.33 MT.
- Trap: International Energy Agency (IEA) ke baare mein sahi kathan?
Jawab dekho
Members ko net imports ke kam se kam 90 din ka stock rakhna hota hai; India association country hai. 90 din ka stock obligation members ke liye; India association country hai, full member nahi.
NCERT se jodo: GS3 — Indian Economy (subsidies, fiscal policy, inflation) aur energy security; NCERT Class 12 Macroeconomics — government budget and the economy