LawMarichi · UPSC
FIR se Giraftaari Tak: Tumhare Adhikar
Police tumhe ya tumhare dost ko pakad le — kya unhe batana zaroori hai ki kyun?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Haan. Article 22(1) kehta hai ki arrested vyakti ko jaldi se jaldi giraftaari ke grounds bataaye jaayein aur usey apni pasand ke vakeel se salaah ka haq hai. Article 22(2): 24 ghante ke andar (safar ka samay chhod kar) magistrate ke saamne pesh karna zaroori.
1 July 2024 se naye kanoon: IPC ki jagah Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), CrPC ki jagah Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), aur Evidence Act ki jagah Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA). FIR ab BNSS Section 173 mein hai, jismein zero FIR (kisi bhi thane mein, jurisdiction chahe kahin ki ho) aur electronic FIR ka provision hai.
Giraftaari ke waqt grounds batana BNSS mein bhi hai (Section 47). Supreme Court ne D.K. Basu (1997) mein arrest ke guidelines diye the — memo, parivaar ko soochna, medical check. Haal ke faisle is baat pe zor dete hain ki grounds likhit mein diye jaayein, warna arrest hi kamzor pad sakta hai.
Prelims trap: Article 22 ke clause (1) aur (2) wale safeguards preventive detention ke kaidiyon aur enemy aliens pe laagu nahi hote — unke liye Article 22 ke aage ke clauses alag suraksha dete hain. Aur yaad rakho: Article 20(3) — kisi ko apne khilaf gawah banne ke liye majboor nahi kiya ja sakta.
Daily life: FIR ki copy muft mein lena tumhara haq hai. Police FIR na likhe to senior officer ya magistrate ke paas jaane ke raaste hain.
Ghar pe try karo
Apne shehar ke police ki website ya state citizen portal kholo aur dekho ki e-FIR ya online complaint ka option kahaan hai. Ek dost ko 3 adhikar samjhaao: grounds jaanna, vakeel, 24 ghante mein magistrate.
Wow!
Constitution ne aazaadi ko itna qeemti maana ki giraftaari ki ghadi ke liye alag Article likh diya — Article 22.
3 sawaal
- Arrest ke baad magistrate ke saamne pesh karne ki samay-seema (Article 22(2))?
Jawab dekho
24 ghante, safar ka samay chhod kar. Article 22(2): 24 ghante, journey time exclude karke.
- 1 July 2024 se CrPC ki jagah kaunsa kanoon aaya?
Jawab dekho
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita. BNSS ne CrPC ko replace kiya; BNS ne IPC ko; BSA ne Evidence Act ko.
- Trap: Article 22(1) aur 22(2) ke safeguards kin par laagu NAHI hote?
Jawab dekho
Enemy aliens aur preventive detention mein rakhe gaye vyakti. Article 22(3) ke tahat enemy aliens aur preventive detention ke maamle is suraksha se bahar hain.
NCERT se jodo: GS2 — Polity (Fundamental Rights, criminal justice reforms); NCERT Class 8 Social and Political Life — judiciary aur criminal justice system