LawMarichi · UPSC
Grahak ki Raksha ke Do Auzaar: CPA 2019, Trade Margin aur Arthashastra 4.2
Supreme Court poochh raha hai ki har dawa aur device ka MRP 16% retailer margin ke andar kyun nahi aa sakta. Grahak ki raksha ke do raaste hain — adhikar dena aur daam baandhna. Kaunsa kab kaam karta hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Consumer Protection Act, 2019 grahak ko jaankari, shikayat aur bharpai ka adhikar deta hai. Essential Commodities Act, 1955 ke tahat Drugs (Prices Control) Order, 2013 daam aur margin baandhta hai. Pehla bazaar ko imaandar banata hai, doosra bazaar ke daam ko seedha chhoota hai.
CPA 2019: chhe adhikar (suraksha, jaankari, chunaav, sunwai, nivaran, upbhokta shiksha); teen-star Commission; CCPA (Section 10) — recall, refund, bhramak vigyaapan par penalty, endorser ki zimmedari; product liability; mediation; e-filing. Prelims trap: CCPA regulator hai, adalat nahi — vivaad Commission sunta hai.
Daam ka niyam: DPCO 2013 Essential Commodities Act, 1955 ke tahat jaari hota hai aur National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) use laagu karti hai. National List of Essential Medicines se bani scheduled formulations par ceiling price lagti hai. Trade margin = price to retailer (chemist jo deta hai) aur MRP ka farak. Card ke anusaar 16% retailer margin DPCO 2013 mein hai; court poochh raha hai ki yeh sab par kyun na lage.
Bharat ki jad: Arthashastra 4.2 mein vyapaar adhyaksh naap-taul ki nigraani karta hai, milawat par jurmana lagata hai, aur sthaaniya maal par 5% tatha videshi maal par 10% munafa tay karta hai — margin-niyantran ka purana roop.
Mains angle: margin cap se pahunch badhti hai, par supply, gunvatta aur navachar par asar ka sawaal uthta hai; card mein ASG ne uniform cap par saavdhaani batayi. Santulan: jaankari aur shikayat ka mazboot dhaancha sab jagah, aur jahan grahak mol-bhaav nahi kar sakta (jaise aspataal ka device), wahan margin-niyam.
Ghar pe try karo
150 shabd likho: 'Adhikar-aadharit upbhokta kanoon aur daam-niyantran ek doosre ke poorak hain.' Ek udaharan CPA 2019 se, ek DPCO 2013 se, aur ek line Arthashastra 4.2 se do. Phir dekho ki tumne court ka sawaal 'sunwai' likha ya galti se 'faisla'.
Wow!
Kautilya ka 5% aur 10% munafa niyam, aur aaj ki 16% retailer margin ki bahas — sadiyon baad bhi sawaal wahi hai: vyapaari ka uchit munafa kitna?
3 sawaal
- CCPA ke baare mein sahi kya hai?
Jawab dekho
CPA 2019 ke tahat bani regulator; recall aur bhramak vigyaapan par karyavahi kar sakti hai. CCPA (Section 10, CPA 2019) regulator hai; vivaad Commission sunte hain.
- DPCO 2013 kis kanoon ke tahat jaari hota hai?
Jawab dekho
Essential Commodities Act, 1955. DPCO 2013 Essential Commodities Act, 1955 ke tahat jaari hota hai aur NPPA laagu karti hai.
- Arthashastra 4.2 mein vyapaar adhyaksh sthaaniya aur videshi maal par kitna munafa tay karta hai?
Jawab dekho
5% aur 10%. Sthaaniya maal par 5% aur videshi maal par 10% (Shamasastry anuvaad).
NCERT se jodo: GS2 — Governance (statutory bodies, consumer protection) aur Health (drug pricing); GS3 — Economy (price regulation)