MedicalMarichi · UPSC
WHO Pandemic Agreement: PABS ka Adhoora Sauda
'Pandemic Agreement adopt ho gaya' aur 'Pandemic Agreement lagu hai', dono mein farq samajhne wala candidate Prelims mein kahan phansta hai?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Agreement 20 May 2025 ko World Health Assembly ne Article 19 ke tahat do-tihai vote se apnaya (124 favour, 0 against, 11 abstain). Par woh ratification ke liye tabhi khulega jab Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) annex apnaya jayega, jo abhi baat-cheet mein hai. Isliye yeh adopted hai, par abhi sign nahi ho sakta.
Core idea: PABS wo sauda hai jisme desh virus ke namune aur genetic data jaldi baantte hain, aur badle mein garib deshon ko banne wale teeke aur dawaaiyon ka tay hissa milta hai. COVID-19 ne dikhaya ki namuna jaldi dene ke baad bhi teeke tak pahunch na milne se bharosa tootta hai. Bina tay hisse ke, sharing ka incentive tootta hai.
Card facts (The Hindu, 8 October 2026): Priyadarshini Singh (Centre for Social and Economic Progress) ke mutabik India ne September ke UN High Level Meeting mein Political Declaration on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response par apni baat rakhi. US ne Declaration mana kar diya, PABS aur WHO ke pandemic declare karne ke role par aapatti jata kar. Lekhak ka tark hai ki India ko Global South ki aawaaz banna chahiye.
Static: Article 19 (WHO Constitution) se World Health Assembly do-tihai vote se convention apna sakti hai; Article 21 se bane regulations, jaise International Health Regulations (2005), sab members par lagu hote hain jab tak koi mana na kare, aur unke 2024 sanshodhan ne 'pandemic emergency' category jodi. Genetic resources ke liye Nagoya Protocol (2010, CBD ke tahat) prior informed consent aur fair benefit-sharing maangta hai; India mein ise Biological Diversity Act, 2002 se lagu kiya jata hai, jahan videshi upyogkarta ko National Biodiversity Authority (Chennai) se manzoori leni padti hai.
Prelims traps: (1) Pandemic Agreement Article 19 se apnaya gaya (convention), Article 21 se nahi (regulations, jaise IHR). (2) Adopted ≠ open for ratification; PABS annex baaki hai. (3) NBA ka mukhyalay Chennai mein hai, aur woh Biological Diversity Act, 2002 ke tahat kaam karta hai. Mains angle (GS2 International Institutions; GS2 Health): India dono taraf hai, teeka-nirmata ke roop mein khule namune chahta hai, par videshi patent aur imported API par nirbhar hone se benefit-sharing aur technology transfer bhi chahta hai. Fault lines: One Health ka funding, technology transfer par Uttar-Dakshin mat-bhed, aur US ka baahar rehna. Domestic equitable rules India ko videsh mein standing dete hain.
Ghar pe try karo
250 shabd mein likho: 'PABS: Pandemic Agreement ka adhoora sauda.' Ek loop banao (namuna → data → teeka → aarakshit hissa), ek kanoon (Nagoya ya BD Act, 2002), India ki dohri sthiti, aur ek fault line shamil karo.
Wow!
Duniya ki pehli pandemic sandhi 124 vote favour aur 0 virodh se pass hui, phir bhi use sign hone mein ek annex ka intezaar hai: adopted aur operational ke beech ka farq hi Prelims ki trap hai!
3 sawaal
- Pandemic Agreement kis WHO Constitution Article ke tahat apnaya gaya?
Jawab dekho
Article 19 (convention, do-tihai vote). Article 19 do-tihai vote se convention apnane deta hai; Article 21 regulations ke liye hai (jaise IHR).
- Trap: sahi kathan chuno.
Jawab dekho
PABS annex apnaye jaane tak sandhi ratification ke liye nahi khulegi. Card ke mutabik annex baaki hai isliye ratification nahi; IHR sab par lagu jab tak koi mana na kare; NBA Chennai mein hai.
- PABS ka mool vichar kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Namuna aur data jaldi saajha, badle mein poorv-tay teeke-dawaaiyon ka hissa. PABS = Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing: jaldi sharing ke badle poorv-tay hissa.
NCERT se jodo: GS2 — Important International institutions, agencies and fora; Issues relating to Health; GS3 — Science & Technology (biotechnology, vaccines)