UPSC Darpan

PoshanMarichi · UPSC

Shree Anna, PDS aur Food se Nutrition Security tak

Anaaj ka godaam bhara ho aur phir bhi anaemia badh jaaye — yeh kaise mumkin hai?

Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab

Kyunki food security aur nutrition security ek cheez nahi hain. Pehli guarantee karti hai ki pet bharne bhar anaaj mile; doosri poochhti hai ki thali mein iron, calcium, protein aur vitamin bhi aa rahe hain ya nahi. Shree Anna ki poori bahas isi khaai ko paatne ki koshish hai.

Dhaancha pehle. National Food Security Act, 2013 lagbhag do-tihai aabaadi ko — 75% tak grameen aur 50% tak shehari — subsidised anaaj ka kanooni haq deta hai: priority household ko 5 kg prati vyakti prati maah, Antyodaya parivaar ko 35 kg prati parivaar. Dhyaan do, Act ki 'foodgrains' paribhasha mein coarse grains pehle se hain. Nutrition ki taraf POSHAN Abhiyaan aur Mission Poshan 2.0 Mahila evam Bal Vikas Mantralaya ke tehat hain, aur PM POSHAN — mid-day meal ka naya naam — Shiksha Mantralaya ke tehat.

Ab Shree Anna. Bharat ke prastav par United Nations ne 2023 ko International Year of Millets ghoshit kiya, aur Union Budget 2023-24 mein millets ko 'Shree Anna' naam dete hue Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad ko global centre of excellence banane ki baat kahi gayi. Poshan ka case: ragi mein calcium, bajre mein iron, sabut daane ka fibre. Climate ka case usse bhi majboot: millets rainfed hain, kam paani aur zyada garmi mein tik jaate hain, avadhi chhoti hai — saamne dhaan ka water footprint aur girta bhujal rakh kar dekho.

Rukavatein bhi imaandari se likho. MSP jowar, bajra, ragi aur makka ke liye ghoshit hoti hai, par procurement ka dhaancha dashkon se dhaan aur gehun ke liye bana hai; Karnataka aur Odisha jaise kuch hi rajya ragi ki kharid mein aage rahe hain. Millets ka aata pisne ke baad jaldi kharaab hota hai, toh PDS ke liye milling aur shelf-life ka alag intezaam chahiye. 'Gareeb ka anaaj' wali chhavi bhi asli rukavat hai. Fortification par dono paksh: ek — PDS chawal mein iron, folic acid aur B12 milana sasta aur tez upaay; doosra — asli hal thali ki vividhata hai: dal, rajma, lobia, chana, soya, dahi, doodh, sattu, til aur mausami saag-sabzi.

Aankde aur Prelims trap. NFHS-5 (2019-21) mein 15-49 varsh ki mahilaaon mein anaemia lagbhag 57% aur 6-59 maah ke bachchon mein lagbhag 67% paayi gayi — dono NFHS-4 se zyada; wahin 5 saal se chhote bachchon mein stunting 38.4% se ghat kar 35.5% par aayi. Yeh bhi likho ki anaemia maapne ke tareeke (capillary vs venous blood) par vaigyanik bahas rahi hai. Trap: PM POSHAN Shiksha Mantralaya ke tehat hai aur POSHAN Abhiyaan Mahila evam Bal Vikas Mantralaya ke; NFSA mein coarse grains pehle se shaamil hain. Aakhir mein food-versus-fuel: makka ek nutri-cereal bhi hai aur ethanol ka sasta feedstock bhi.

Ghar pe try karo

Apne rajya ke PDS portal par dekho ki ration card par is maah kya-kya mila — chawal, gehun, aur kya koi millet? Phir ek page ka note banao: 'Millets ko PDS mein laane ki 4 rukavatein aur 4 upaay'. Ghar par ek shaam ragi ya bajre ki roti gur ke saath try karo aur likho ki taste ki rukavat asli hai ya sirf aadat ki.

Wow!

Millets ko PDS mein laane ke liye naya kanoon chahiye hi nahi — NFSA mein coarse grains pehle se likhe hain. Rukavat kanoon ki nahi, procurement, milling aur aadat ki hai.

3 sawaal

  1. NFSA, 2013 ke tehat priority household ko kitna anaaj milta hai?
    Jawab dekho

    5 kg prati vyakti prati maah. Priority household ko 5 kg prati vyakti prati maah; 35 kg prati parivaar Antyodaya Anna Yojana ke parivaron ke liye hai.

  2. Trap: nimnlikhit mein kaunsa kathan sahi hai?
    Jawab dekho

    PM POSHAN Shiksha Mantralaya ke tehat hai, jabki POSHAN Abhiyaan Mahila evam Bal Vikas Mantralaya ke tehat. Mid-day meal ka naya roop PM POSHAN Shiksha Mantralaya ke paas hai; POSHAN Abhiyaan MoWCD ke paas; NFSA mein coarse grains shaamil hain; aur Millets Year ka prastav Bharat ka tha.

  3. Millets ko PDS mein bade paimaane par laane ki sabse vyavhaarik rukavat kya hai?
    Jawab dekho

    Procurement, milling aur shelf-life ka dhaancha mukhya roop se dhaan-gehun ke liye bana hai. Kanoon rukavat nahi hai; asli chunauti kharid, milling, bhandaran aur upbhokta ki aadat ki hai.

NCERT se jodo: GS2 — Governance aur welfare schemes (NFSA, PM POSHAN, POSHAN Abhiyaan); GS3 — Agriculture (MSP, procurement, PDS, food processing) aur food security; NCERT Class 12 Economics — food security aur public distribution

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