UPSC Darpan

SamajMarichi · UPSC

Tumhara Kasba: Gaon, Census Town ya Shehar?

Ek jagah ki population 20,000 ho, dukaanein ho, log factory mein kaam karein — phir bhi wahan nagar palika kyun nahi?

Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab

Kyunki Census ki nazar mein woh 'census town' ho sakti hai, par sarkaar ki nazar mein ab bhi gaon (gram panchayat). Shehar hona do cheezon se tay hota hai — Census ke criteria aur State ka notification.

Census 2011 mein do tarah ke towns the. Statutory town: jahaan municipality, corporation, cantonment board ya notified town area committee ho. Census town: jahaan koi urban local body nahi, par teen shartein poori hon — kam se kam 5,000 population, kam se kam 75% male main workers non-agricultural kaam mein, aur density kam se kam 400 per sq km.

Samasya: census town mein shehari zarooratein (drainage, kooda, planning) hoti hain par prashasan gram panchayat ka. 74th Constitutional Amendment (1992) ne Part IXA joda aur municipalities ko constitutional darja diya; 12th Schedule mein unke 18 functions hain. Par kaun si jagah 'urban' notify hogi, yeh State tay karta hai.

Yeh sirf naam ka khel nahi — funds, schemes, property tax aur planning isi se tay hote hain. Isliye 'hidden urbanisation' ek bada GS1 + GS2 mudda hai.

Ghar pe try karo

Apne ghar ke aas-paas ka ek gaon/kasba socho. Kya wahan zyaadatar log kheti karte hain ya dukaan/factory/naukri? Wahan kooda kaun uthaata hai — panchayat ya nagar palika? Apne observation se tay karo ki woh kya hai.

Wow!

India ka ek bada hissa 'shehar' ban chuka hai bina kisi ko bataaye — kaagaz par woh ab bhi gaon hai.

3 sawaal

  1. Census 2011 ke census town criteria mein kya shaamil NAHI hai?
    Jawab dekho

    Nagar palika ka hona zaroori. Trap: census town mein ULB nahi hota; ULB wala statutory town hai.

  2. Municipalities ko constitutional darja kis amendment ne diya?
    Jawab dekho

    74th. 74th Amendment, 1992 — Part IXA. 73rd panchayats ke liye hai.

  3. Kisi area ko 'urban' notify kaun karta hai?
    Jawab dekho

    State Government. Local government State List ka vishay hai; ULB ki notification State karta hai.

NCERT se jodo: GS1 — Urbanisation (Indian society, human geography); GS2 — Local governance (74th Amendment); NCERT Class 12 Geography — human settlements; NCERT Class 11 Political Science — local governments

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