SamajMarichi · UPSC
Census, Bhasha aur Disability: Shabd ka Prashasanik Asar
Census 2027 ke Hindi notification mein 'nihshaktata' shabd ne ginti ki gunwatta aur RPwD Act ke paalan par kya sawaal uthaye?
Socho pehle… phir dekho jawab
Kyunki purani bhasha medical model ko dohrati hai, jabki 2016 ka Act social model par chalta hai. Chubne wala shabd undercount karta hai, aur undercount budget, reservation aur policy ko kamzor karta hai.
Concept: RPwD Act, 2016 ne 1995 ke Act ko badla; manyata-prapt disabilities sat se badha kar 21 ki (jaise autism, thalassaemia, acid attack ke peedit); benchmark disability kam se kam 40% hoti hai, jis par government posts mein 4% aur government higher education mein 5% seats reserve hain. India ne UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2007 mein ratify kiya; yeh social model apnata hai.
Facts (Economic Times, card ke anusaar): Home Ministry ke 14 August 2026 ke Hindi gazette notification mein 40 parameters hain; serial 13 par 'nihshaktata' hai, jabki English mein 'disability'. Registrar General ke daftar ne ise 'inadvertence' bataya, kaha ki enumeration form mein 'divyangata' hai aur gazette badalna pad sakta hai. Census, Census Act 1948 ke tahat, Registrar General aur Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs dwara hota hai.
Analysis: 'incapable' poochne par kam log haan kehte hain, isliye bhasha ginti ki gunwatta ko prabhavit karti hai, aur ginti budget aur reservation ka aadhar hai. Digital self-enumeration mein citizen akele screen par shabd padhta hai, isliye daanv aur badh jaata hai. 'Divyang' shabd par bhi dono paksh hain: sarkar ise izzat ka sanket maanti hai, kai disability groups rights aur access par zor dete hain. Asli test accessibility aur samaan bartaav hai.
Ghar pe try karo
150-word Mains skeleton: intro (Census 2027, 'nihshaktata' vs 'disability'), body 1 (RPwD Act 2016 aur social model), body 2 (bhasha, undercount aur self-enumeration), body 3 (divyang shabd ki bahas), conclusion (shabd ke saath accessibility ka kaam).
Wow!
Ek hi gazette mein ek shabd English mein 'disability' aur Hindi mein 'nihshaktata' tha — aur ginti par uska asar ho sakta hai!
3 sawaal
- RPwD Act, 2016 mein manyata-prapt disabilities ki sankhya kitni hai aur benchmark disability kitni?
Jawab dekho
21 aur kam se kam 40%. Act ne sat se badha kar 21 ki aur benchmark disability kam se kam 40% rakhi.
- Trap: India ne UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities kab ratify kiya?
Jawab dekho
2007. India ne 2007 mein ratify kiya; 2016 mein Act aaya.
- Census kis Act ke tahat aur kaun karta hai?
Jawab dekho
Census Act 1948; Registrar General and Census Commissioner, MHA. Census Census Act 1948 ke tahat Registrar General and Census Commissioner (MHA) karte hain.
NCERT se jodo: GS1 — Society (population and associated issues); GS2 — vulnerable sections, laws and institutions; NCERT Class 12 Sociology — samaaj mein asamaanta